People who suffer

People over fifty years of age who have smoked cigarettes for many years.
The incidence of lung cancer among women in general has increased, which is clearly attributable to the increased number of women who smoke.

Symptoms

Cough or chest pain does not go away and may be accompanied by expectoration.
A whistle in breathing, shortness of breath.
Coughing or spitting up blood.
Hoarseness or swelling of the face and neck.
Design or feeling of breathlessness

PREVENTION OF LUNG CANCER

The main way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking or avoid smoke snuff, in the case of non-smokers. It is also important to avoid potential carcinogens that may be in the normal environment (work and home).

TYPES OF LUNG CANCER

According to the appearance of the cells to be examined under a microscope, lung cancers can be divided into two types:

Lung cancer non-small cell. Is associated with having smoked before, having lived with a smoker or smokers or being exposed to radon. The main types of lung cancer non-small cell are named depending on the type of cells found in cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (also called squamous cell carcinoma), adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.

Lung cancer small cell. Found in people who smoke or used to smoke cigarettes.

DIAGNOSTIC OF LUNG CANCER

Because lung cancer symptoms often do not manifest until the disease is advanced, only 15 percent of cases are detected in its early stages. Many lung cancer cases are diagnosed in early stage by accident, which means they are detected as a result of medical tests carried out due to other unrelated health problem.

A biopsy of lung tissue serves to confirm or refute a possible diagnosis of cancer as well as provide valuable information to determine the appropriate treatment. If it is eventually detected lung cancer, additional tests will be conducted to determine how far the disease has spread.

Medical history and physical examination: The medical history was recorded risk factors and symptoms of the patient. The physical examination provides information about signs of lung cancer and other health problems.
Imaging studies: These studies use X-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves or radioactive substances to create images inside the body. Frequently used imaging studies to detect lung cancer and determine the body part where you have spread. It performs a chest x-ray to see if there is any mass or spot on the lungs.

Computed tomography (CT): Gives more detailed information about the size, shape and position of a tumor and can help detect enlarged lymph nodes that may contain a cancer from the lung. CT scans are more sensitive than routine chest radiographs for detecting early-stage cancers.

Tests of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make modern computers detailed cross-sectional images. These images are similar to those produced with computed tomography, but are even more accurate in detecting spread of lung cancer to the brain or spinal cord.

Positron emission tomography (PET) uses a radioactive tracer sensitive low dose that accumulates in cancerous tissues. Bone scans require the injection of a small amount of radioactive substance into a vein. This substance accumulates in abnormal areas of bone that may result from the spread of cancer.

Sputum cytology: is examined under the microscope a sample of sputum to see if it contains cancer cells. * Needle biopsy: A needle is inserted into the mass while the lungs are displayed on a computer tomograph. Then a sample of the mass and observed through a microscope for cancer cells.

Bronchoscopy: We introduce a flexible, lighted tube through the mouth into the bronchi. This procedure can help find tumors located centrally or obstructions in the lungs. Also be used to take biopsies or remove fluids to be examined with a microscope to see if they contain cancer cells.

Mediastinoscopy: Make a small cut in the neck and a lighted tube is inserted behind the sternum. Can use special tools that are handled through this tube to take a sample of tissue from the mediastinal lymph nodes (along the trachea and main areas of bronchial tubes). The observation of the samples under a microscope can show if cancer cells.

Bone marrow biopsy: A needle is used to remove a cylindrical core of bone of approximately 1.5 mm wide and 2.5 inches long. Usually, the sample is taken from the back of the hip bone and studied under a microscope to see if cancer cells.

Blood tests: It is often carried out some blood tests to help detect if lung cancer has spread to the liver or bones, as well as for diagnosing certain paraneoplastic syndromes.

Source: www.dmedicina.com/enfermedades/cancer/cancer-pulmon
image source: www.pharmas.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/lung-cancer-xray-main_full.jpg

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Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes most lung cancers. A greater number of cigarettes they smoke daily newspapers and the younger you start smoking, the greater the risk of developing lung cancer. Exposure to high levels of pollution, radiation and asbestos can also increase the risk.

Common symptoms of lung cancer include:

1. A cough that does not go away and worsens over time
2. Constant chest pain
3. Cough with bloody sputum
4. Shortness of breath, wheezing or hoarseness
5. Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis
6. Loss of appetite or weight loss
7. Fatigue

There are many types of lung cancer. Each grows and spreads differently and treated differently. Treatment also depends on the stage or how far along you are. Treatment can include chemotherapy, radiation and surgery.

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There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small lung cancer cell (or non-small) and small cell (or microcytic). The term “small cell” refers to the size and shape of cancer cells as seen under the microscope. Non-smal lung cancer cell originates in the epithelial cells and is the most common type. Lung cancer begins small cell in the nerve cells or hormone-producing cells.

Each of these types of lung cancer grows and spreads differently, and each requires a different treatment. It is therefore important to find out what type of lung cancer a person has to apply the appropriate treatment.

Once the malignant lung tumor begins to grow, it is possible that cancer cells detach. These detached cells can be transported by the blood or lymph. When a cancer cell is apparent from its place of origin and moves to a lymph node or to a distant part of the body through the bloodstream, and there starts to split and form new tumors, we say that the tumor because distant metastases, has metastasized. We then say that the patient has a cancer then spread, with metastatic cancer.

The lymph flows through tubes called lymphatic vessels that drain into a “collecting stations, lymph nodes, found in the lungs (around bronchi) in the center of the chest (mediastinum) and other body parts. The natural flow of lymph from the lungs is toward the center of the chest, which explains why lung cancer often spreads to there.

When lung cancer cells reach the lymph nodes, can continue to grow. If tumor cells have multiplied in the lymph nodes, you may also have spread to other body parts. For this reason, one of the most decision-making in the treatment of lung cancer is based on whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the mediastinum or not.

The location and size of the initial lung tumor and the presence or absence of spread to lymph nodes or to distant places of the body, determines the stage of lung cancer and, thereby, the chances of survival. The type of lung cancer (non small cell or small cell) and stage of disease, define the type of treatment needed

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Furthermore, the lung is a very frequent metastasis. But these are not true tumors of the lung, but plantings of cancers of other organs, such as the breast or intestine.

Small Lung Cancer Cell (microcytic)
It is named after the cell size view microscope. It is almost invariably associated with smoking and it is estimated that about 20% of all cancers are small cell. They multiply rapidly and can form large tumors, plus their ability to spread to other organs is increased. The small cell is almost always a very aggressive tumor.

Metastases tend to affect the following organs: lymph nodes, bone, brain, adrenal glands and liver. The primary tumor usually originates near the bronchi and spreads into the center of the lungs.

Non-small Lung Cancer Cell
This cancer accounts for almost 80% of all lung cancers. It spreads more slowly than small cell and occasionally may occur in nonsmokers.

There are several varieties of cancer non-small cell lung cancer. The two most common are squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The first is the most common and, as the small cell, usually arises from the deep lung, in the center of the chest. Adenocarcinoma is more rare and usually the type of lung tumor suffered by nonsmokers. It tends to arise from the more peripheral parts of the lung, close to the chest wall.

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Cells are the smallest living units of the human body. One function is to reproduce and die when no longer useful. This process is very neat, in time and space, so there is always that allows the appropriate number of cells for each stage of life.

When this multiplication of cells occurs in an uncontrolled manner, forming lumps. These masses are called tumors.

There may be benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are those that do not spread to other areas and do not compromise a person’s life.

Malignant tumors often spread to other parts of the body and cause damage to body tissues and organs and can even cause death of the person.

Malignant cells can move through the lymph or blood and reach anywhere in the body causing a second tumor, called metastatic, because it is the first originated.

Lung cancer is an abnormal growth of lung cells. The disease usually occurs on the inner walls of the bronchi, and growing up can obstruct the airway and impair breathing. For this reason, generally produces shortness of breath, breathlessness and fatigue.

There are two main types of lung cancer: small cell cancer or small cell and non small cell cancer (non small or bronchogenic).

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