The most common symptoms are usually shortness of breath, cough, including coughing up blood, weight loss, chest pain, hoarseness and swelling in the neck and face, among others.

The most common cause of lung cancer is smoking and people who do not have this habit, the development of cancer is usually a result of genetic factors and exposure to radon (chemical element), asbestos (fibrous metamorphic mineral), and pollution air pollution, including secondhand smoke (passive smoking).

Among the treatment options for lung cancer non-small cell, which is the most common type (it is estimated that approximately 80% of cases, as shown on page www.info.cancerresearchuk.org) AstraZeneca developed a molecular therapy with major advantages over chemotherapy.

Recently, the molecule Gefitinib proved as effective as chemotherapy most widely used second-line treatment with the advantage that produces no side-effects of these therapies such as general deterioration of the patient, nausea, vomiting, hair loss and decrease in white blood cells, causing a predisposition to infection.

The molecule Gefitinib does give better quality of life for the patient with lung cancer and is considered a “treatment directed”, ie that its mechanism of action operates directly on cancer cells without affecting the proper functioning of the organism, preventing the spread of the disease and related mechanisms that blocks the growth, proliferation and spread of cancer. It also has a simple oral administration which facilitates the adherence by the patient to cancer treatment.

It is vital that the individual together with a physician to explore all available alternatives for the treatment of this disease and help make a better choice for that cancer does not thrive without affecting the quality of life of patients.

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Stage 0
At this stage do not require chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Surgery may completely remove the cancer. The type of surgery is a segmentectomy, ie the removal of a lung wedge.

Stage I
Segmentectomy is generally used for smaller tumors or for patients with worse physical condition, or lobectomy to remove the tumor.

The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy, is being tested in clinical trials. Although micrometastases is useful for those that have not been identified and have not been removed by surgery.

If the tumor is at the edge of the lung tissue probably not have removed all the cancer cells, so radiation therapy is recommended.

Radiation therapy can be used as primary treatment if the patient, general condition, can not undergo surgery. The survival rate after five years in this stage is 65%.

Stage II
Used surgery: segmentectomy or lobectomy.

Radiation therapy can be used after surgery to ensure that it is not any cancer cells. It can also be used as primary therapy in those patients who can not be operated on by health problems. Chemotherapy may be used after surgery or radiotherapy.

The survival rate for patients who are in this stage of cancer is 40%.

Stage IIIA
Treatment at this stage will depend on where the tumor is located in the lung and whether lymph nodes are affected.

Chemotherapy is often used before surgery to shrink the tumor, to make it easier to complete removal.

When surgery can not be used to remove the tumor, radiation therapy. It is sometimes used brachytherapy which involves passing a laser through a bronchoscope to destroy part of the cancer within the trachea.

Survival rates range from 10% to 20%, although certain patients such as those with no cancer spread to lymph nodes have a better prognosis.

Stage IIIB
Because at this stage the cancer is widespread, surgery is not effective. Chemotherapy may be used together with radiotherapy. Or each one separately.

The survival rate is between 10% and 20% in those patients who enjoy a good health condition and may undergo a combination of both treatments. Those who can not, its index is 5%.

Stage IV
The aim of treatment at this stage is to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. It is not intended as a cure the cancer has spread to distant sites.

Chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used to reduce symptoms such as bone pain, symptoms due to nervous system, etc..

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Chemotherapy is the primary treatment option in most cases of SCLC. It can easily control the symptoms, which are often very pronounced in this type of cancer. However, the cures are rare and most often accrue past year or two.

Not all patients can be operated on as it will depend on whether they have sufficient capacity to withstand respiratory excision of part or all of the lung and how is your general condition.

In lung cancer, often used a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs. Some of these drugs can be given by mouth or by vein. When they reach the bloodstream, these drugs are spread throughout the body and act against cancer cells, destroying them. For this reason it is very useful in those cancers that have spread to other areas.

Chemotherapy can be given as primary treatment or as therapy to aid surgery. In many cases, chemotherapy is given before surgery, with the intention of reducing the tumor volume and pave the way for a surgeon. Even at times, some inoperable lung cancers become operable after several months of chemotherapy. It is also possible to receive chemotherapy after surgery, even when the entire tumor was removed successfully. The reason is that with this strategy avoids a percentage of relapse and end up healing more long-term patients. We know this kind of cancer treatment as adjuvant chemotherapy.

The choice of treatment of first or second line depends on the type of cancer, and ranges from non-small cell cancer or small cell.

The most common side effects of chemotherapy that occur as a result of the use of chemotherapy are nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss and mouth sores. Along with the chemotherapeutic drugs are used to diminish or make other side effects disappear first.

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The classification of small cell lung tumors is much simpler. In this type of cancer is spoken of limited stage and extensive stage.

The limited stage means that the tumor is confined to the hemithorax of origin, the mediastinum and supraclavicular nodes. This would be tolerable in the employment field of radiotherapy.

The extended period is one in which the cancer is too widespread to be included within the definition of limited stage, ie the cancer has spread to other lung, to lymph nodes in the other breast to distant organs, and so on.

Patients with limited stage of cancer may be effectively treated with radiation therapy. In those with extensive stage is not as applicable radiotherapy.

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The snuff smoking is the main cause in 90% of cases of lung cancer in both men and women. Decades ago, this tumor was much less common in women and it was featured it was more likely that was not related to snuff. These differences are disappearing rapidly, reflecting the incorporation of women with smoking in the previous years.

Another part of this type of cancer is caused by inhaled substances and who are in the workplace, a phenomenon related to the 10% -15% of lung cancer in males and 5% in women. The most important of these substances are asbestos, such as those used in asbestos factories.

Lung cancer can also be caused by radiation received at the chest, such as treatment with radiation therapy used to treat breast cancer and lymphoma. The interval between radiation exposure and cancer onset is usually very long, around age 20. The greatest risk are people who tried for many years with old appliances, and smoked during the following years. The risk with modern radiotherapy equipment is very low.

Hereditary factors have little relation to lung cancer.

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