A biopsy of lung tissue serves to confirm or refute a possible diagnosis of cancer as well as provide valuable information to determine the appropriate treatment.

If it is eventually detected lung cancer, additional tests will be conducted to determine how far the disease has spread, including:

1. Medical history and physical examination: The medical history was recorded risk factors and symptoms of the patient. The physical examination provides information about signs of lung cancer and other health problems.

2.Radiological studies: These studies use X-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves or radioactive substances to create images inside the body. Frequently used imaging studies to detect lung cancer and determine the body part where you have spread. It performs a chest x-ray to see if there is any mass or spot on the lungs.

3. A computed tomography (CT): Gives more detailed information about the size, shape and position of a tumor and can help detect enlarged lymph nodes that may contain a cancer from the lung. CT scans are more sensitive than routine chest radiographs for detecting early-stage cancers.

4. Tests magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make modern computers detailed cross-sectional images. These images are similar to those produced with computed tomography, but are even more accurate in detecting spread of lung cancer to the brain or spinal cord.

5. The positron emission tomography (PET) uses a radioactive tracer sensitive low dose that accumulates in cancerous tissues. Bone scans require the injection of a small amount of radioactive substance into a vein. This substance accumulates in abnormal areas of bone that may result from the spread of cancer.

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The lungs are a pair of organs that give oxygen to the body and expel carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by the body’s cells. The bronchi, meanwhile, are tubes through which inspired air reaches from the mouth to the lungs are divided into other smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchioles, to form the alveoli, which is where exchange occurs of venous blood gases.

Lung cancer is caused by overgrowth of malignant cells in this organ, and if not diagnosed early can move to other organs of the body.

Most forms of lung cancer in the cells of the lungs, but cancer can also spread (metastasize) to the lung from other parts of the body. Lung cancer is the most common, either in men or women, and most importantly, is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both men and women.

CAUSES

Snuff. Is the main cause. Snuff smoke, with its high concentration of carcinogens, goes straight into the air and is inhaled by smokers as nonsmokers. Quitting smoking also significantly reduces the risk of other diseases related to snuff, such as heart disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Effects of radon. Radon is a radioactive gas that is found in rocks and soil of the earth, formed by the natural decay of radium. Being invisible and odorless, the only way to determine if one is exposed to the gas is to measure their levels. In addition, exposure to radon combined with smoking significantly increases the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, for smokers, exposure to radon is an even greater risk.

Exposure to carcinogens. Asbestos is perhaps the best known industrial substance associated with lung cancer, but there are many others: uranium, arsenic, certain petroleum products, etc.

Genetic predisposition. It is known that cancer can be caused by mutations (changes) of DNA which activate oncogenes or inactivate the tumor suppressor genes. Some people inherit DNA mutations from their parents, which greatly increases the risk of developing cancer.

Cancer-causing agents in the workplace. Among those at risk are miners who inhaled radioactive minerals such as uranium, and workers exposed to chemicals such as arsenic, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal-based products, mustard gas and chloromethyl ethers.

Marijuana. Marijuana cigarettes contain more tar than the snuff. Also, the smoke is inhaled deeply and held in the lungs for a long time. In addition, smoked marijuana cigarettes until the end where tar content is higher.
Recurrent inflammation. Tuberculosis and some types of pneumonia often leave scars in the lung. These scars increase the risk that the person develops lung cancer called adenocarcinoma.

Talcum powder. Studies carried out in talc miners and millers suggest that they have a higher risk of developing the disease due to their exposure to industrial grade talc. This dust, in its natural form may contain asbestos.

Other types of exposure to mineral People with silicosis and berylliosis (lung disease caused by breathing in certain minerals) also have an increased risk of lung cancer.

Excess or deficiency of vitamin A. People who do not get enough vitamin A are at increased risk of lung cancer. On the other hand, taking too much vitamin A may also increase the risk of developing lung cancer.

Air pollution. In some cities, air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. This risk is much lower than that caused by smoking.

Source: www.dmedicina.com/enfermedades/cancer/cancer-pulmon
image source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LCkoEth_DvA/SSlsiF1TTKI/AAAAAAAAAAk/Bpdjo8O4Erw/S1600-R/lung+cancer.jpg

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The snuff smoking is the main cause in 90% of cases of lung cancer in both men and women. Decades ago, this tumor was much less common in women and it was featured it was more likely that was not related to snuff. These differences are disappearing rapidly, reflecting the incorporation of women with smoking in the previous years.

Another part of this type of cancer is caused by inhaled substances and who are in the workplace, a phenomenon related to the 10% -15% of lung cancer in males and 5% in women. The most important of these substances are asbestos, such as those used in asbestos factories.

Lung cancer can also be caused by radiation received at the chest, such as treatment with radiation therapy used to treat breast cancer and lymphoma. The interval between radiation exposure and cancer onset is usually very long, around age 20. The greatest risk are people who tried for many years with old appliances, and smoked during the following years. The risk with modern radiotherapy equipment is very low.

Hereditary factors have little relation to lung cancer.

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