The lungs are a pair of organs that give oxygen to the body and expel carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by the body’s cells. The bronchi, meanwhile, are tubes through which inspired air reaches from the mouth to the lungs are divided into other smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchioles, to form the alveoli, which is where exchange occurs of venous blood gases.

Lung cancer is caused by overgrowth of malignant cells in this organ, and if not diagnosed early can move to other organs of the body.

Most forms of lung cancer in the cells of the lungs, but cancer can also spread (metastasize) to the lung from other parts of the body. Lung cancer is the most common, either in men or women, and most importantly, is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both men and women.

CAUSES

Snuff. Is the main cause. Snuff smoke, with its high concentration of carcinogens, goes straight into the air and is inhaled by smokers as nonsmokers. Quitting smoking also significantly reduces the risk of other diseases related to snuff, such as heart disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Effects of radon. Radon is a radioactive gas that is found in rocks and soil of the earth, formed by the natural decay of radium. Being invisible and odorless, the only way to determine if one is exposed to the gas is to measure their levels. In addition, exposure to radon combined with smoking significantly increases the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, for smokers, exposure to radon is an even greater risk.

Exposure to carcinogens. Asbestos is perhaps the best known industrial substance associated with lung cancer, but there are many others: uranium, arsenic, certain petroleum products, etc.

Genetic predisposition. It is known that cancer can be caused by mutations (changes) of DNA which activate oncogenes or inactivate the tumor suppressor genes. Some people inherit DNA mutations from their parents, which greatly increases the risk of developing cancer.

Cancer-causing agents in the workplace. Among those at risk are miners who inhaled radioactive minerals such as uranium, and workers exposed to chemicals such as arsenic, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal-based products, mustard gas and chloromethyl ethers.

Marijuana. Marijuana cigarettes contain more tar than the snuff. Also, the smoke is inhaled deeply and held in the lungs for a long time. In addition, smoked marijuana cigarettes until the end where tar content is higher.
Recurrent inflammation. Tuberculosis and some types of pneumonia often leave scars in the lung. These scars increase the risk that the person develops lung cancer called adenocarcinoma.

Talcum powder. Studies carried out in talc miners and millers suggest that they have a higher risk of developing the disease due to their exposure to industrial grade talc. This dust, in its natural form may contain asbestos.

Other types of exposure to mineral People with silicosis and berylliosis (lung disease caused by breathing in certain minerals) also have an increased risk of lung cancer.

Excess or deficiency of vitamin A. People who do not get enough vitamin A are at increased risk of lung cancer. On the other hand, taking too much vitamin A may also increase the risk of developing lung cancer.

Air pollution. In some cities, air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. This risk is much lower than that caused by smoking.

Source: www.dmedicina.com/enfermedades/cancer/cancer-pulmon
image source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LCkoEth_DvA/SSlsiF1TTKI/AAAAAAAAAAk/Bpdjo8O4Erw/S1600-R/lung+cancer.jpg

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Cigarettes

In most people, lung cancer is associated with risk factors for cigarettes. The incidence of lung cancer is closely related to smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of taking snuff. The more you smoke, the more likely you are to get lung cancer.

Passive smokers are at risk of lung cancer. Research has shown that passive smokers who live with smokers have a 24% increase in the risk of developing lung cancer compared with someone not living with a smoker.

Radon gas

The second most important risk factor for lung cancer is exposure to radon gas. Radon is a radioactive gas that you can not see, smell or taste. It forms in soil and rocks. People who work in mines may be exposed to radon. Radon damages lung cells and those exposed to radon are at increased risk of lung cancer. Radon causes lung cancer is even greater for smokers.

Asbestos fibers

Asbestos fibers are silicate fibers that can persist throughout life in lung tissue after exposure to asbestos. Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar and other substances can cause lung cancer. People working in construction and chemical industries have a higher risk of lung cancer. The risk is higher for people with years of exposure.

Air pollution

Air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. Air pollution from vehicles, industry and power plants can increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer in exposed individuals. The risk of air pollution is greater for smokers.

Family and personal history of lung cancer

People with a family member who had lung cancer may have a slightly higher risk of disease, even if you do not smoke. Survivors of lung cancer have an increased risk of developing a second lung cancer than the general population have of developing lung cancer in the first place.

People who think they may be at risk of developing lung cancer should talk with your doctor. Your doctor may suggest ways to reduce your risk. For people who have been treated for lung cancer, it is important to have checkups after treatment. Lung cancer can recur after treatment.

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The main symptoms of lung cancer include changes in existing cough, coughing up blood, a cough, or a chronic cough. Some people notice an increase in breathing difficulties, feel short of breath, wheezing or experience. Sometimes a hoarse voice, could be one of the symptoms of lung cancer if it occurs suddenly. Occasionally, people with lung cancer receiving continuous chest infections or recurrent pneumonia, because the lungs are damaged. If the cancer spreads to other body areas, there may be additional symptoms of lung cancer are not limited to the lungs. These may include pain, especially if lung cancer spreads to the bones. Alternatively, the lung cancer in the brain can cause changes in vision, or act as stroke damage and build muscle weakness on one side of the body.

From time to time if the metastatic lung cancer occurs in the brain also can create seizures. On the other hand, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body and many of the bodies may have no symptoms at all. There are a plethora of symptoms of lung cancer, but there are certainly a population that is most at risk for this cancer, including smokers and even former smokers. A very striking fact is that 90% of lung cancers occur in smokers, and some medical professionals have gone so far as to suggest that smoking should be considered an early symptom of lung cancer, since so dramatically increases the risk of contracting the disease. This does not mean that all smokers get cancer, but they are clearly the target population is more likely.

Given the few symptoms, and the fact that some people may not have any, there has been an ongoing debate in the medical community about whether it is prudent to adjust the screen smokers for lung cancer symptoms. Today, many are against this idea, especially when smokers are asymptomatic, as it could involve a lot of unnecessary tests. The debate on this issue on the rage, but doctors are pretty unified in regards to the issue of consumption of snuff, and most strongly recommend their patients to quit smoking or start smoking or not.

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This cancer is one that takes more lives annually and affects people 40 and older. Since 85% of those who suffer are smokers, snuff is the major risk factor for developing it. Only one of every eight people who suffer are not smokers.

There are also other substances such as asbestos, uranium or radon is a colorless, odorless gas that builds up in homes and comes from the stoves, which are also risk factors for lung cancer.

Other risk factors include industrial pollution, smoke from factories or cars or hormonal factors of the person that make it more susceptible to developing it. A risk factor can also be the presence of scars in the lung, caused by surgery, bullets or knives.

They are also risk factors:

- Power when you include diets rich in saturated fats.
- Obviously smoking or live with people who smoke, since cigarette smoke contains many carcinogens.
- Failure to use protective masks or special clothing when working with hazardous materials like asbestos.
- Genetic predisposition, when parents have had lung cancer.

One of the measures to prevent lung cancer is quit smoking, since some studies showed that with some weeks of abstinence, begin to heal wounds that may be precancerous and between five to ten years of leaving the drug, cancer risk is slightly higher than for people who have never smoked.

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The snuff smoking is the main cause in 90% of cases of lung cancer in both men and women. Decades ago, this tumor was much less common in women and it was featured it was more likely that was not related to snuff. These differences are disappearing rapidly, reflecting the incorporation of women with smoking in the previous years.

Another part of this type of cancer is caused by inhaled substances and who are in the workplace, a phenomenon related to the 10% -15% of lung cancer in males and 5% in women. The most important of these substances are asbestos, such as those used in asbestos factories.

Lung cancer can also be caused by radiation received at the chest, such as treatment with radiation therapy used to treat breast cancer and lymphoma. The interval between radiation exposure and cancer onset is usually very long, around age 20. The greatest risk are people who tried for many years with old appliances, and smoked during the following years. The risk with modern radiotherapy equipment is very low.

Hereditary factors have little relation to lung cancer.

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